#include const uint8_t chipSelect = 53; // Chip select pin // Use SdFs for modern library compatibility SdFs sd; // A 512-byte buffer is required for block transfers. uint8_t writeBuffer[512]; uint8_t readBuffer[512]; const uint32_t testBlock = 100; // The block address to read/write void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial) { ; // Wait for Serial port to connect } Serial.println("\nInitializing SD card..."); if (!sd.begin(chipSelect, SPI_FULL_SPEED)) { Serial.println("SD card initialization failed or card not present."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } Serial.println("SD card initialized."); // --- Write a block --- for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 512; i++) { writeBuffer[i] = i % 256; // Fill with repeating pattern 0-255 } Serial.print("Writing block "); Serial.print(testBlock); Serial.println("..."); // Start the write operation for a single block if (!sd.card()->writeStart(testBlock)) { Serial.println("Write start failed."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } // Write the data to the started block if (!sd.card()->writeData(writeBuffer)) { Serial.println("Write data failed."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } // Stop the write operation if (!sd.card()->writeStop()) { Serial.println("Write stop failed."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } Serial.println("Write block success."); // --- Read the block back --- Serial.print("Reading block "); Serial.print(testBlock); Serial.println("..."); // Start the read operation for a single block if (!sd.card()->readStart(testBlock)) { Serial.println("Read start failed."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } // Read the data from the started block if (!sd.card()->readData(readBuffer)) { Serial.println("Read data failed."); sd.initErrorHalt(); } // Stop the read operation (this function might not exist in your version, but it's safe to try) // if (!sd.card()->readStop()) { // Serial.println("Read stop failed."); // sd.initErrorHalt(); // } Serial.println("Read block success."); // Serial.println(readBuffer); // --- Verify the data --- bool success = true; for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 512; i++) { Serial.println(readBuffer[i]); if (readBuffer[i] != writeBuffer[i]) { // ... (error printing code remains the same) ... success = false; break; } } if (success) { Serial.println("Data verification successful!"); } else { Serial.println("Data verification failed."); } } void loop() { // Nothing to do in loop }