A Heart Rate Monitoring System

1. The Heart Rate Sensor Module MAX30102 / Pulse Detection Blood Oxygen Concentration Calculation Module was ordered from Amazon

From the schematic, you can find that:
1. There are two voltage regulators, the output are 3.3V and 1.8V respectively. It seems that the MAX30102 requires these two voltages to operate.
2. The ASCL and ASDA pins are the two pins for the I2C communication port. We will use I2C extensively later this term but now, you just need to use the library in Arduino to make it work.
3. R3 and R4 are pull-up resistors, there are required by the I2C port.
4. BVCC is 3.3V and they opened up the NMOS transistors' gates. That means the I2C logic is 3.3V logic. R5 and R6 are also pull-up resistors for the 3.3V VDD.
5. I think the two NMOSes are nothing but level converters. I2C signals from Arduino are 5V logic, these two NMOSes will level them down to 3.3 V logic for the MAX30102 sensor.
6. For the operation of the NMOS transistors, please take CE/E338 Digital VLSI Design in the Fall.
7. You don't need to handle any Op Amp stuff here because everything is in DIGITAl, that's the value of using ICs - the MA30102!



2. Pulse Oxymetry

Reference

The MAX30102, or any optical pulse oximeter and heart-rate sensor for that matter, consists of a pair of high-intensity LEDs (RED and IR, both of different wavelengths) and a photodetector. The wavelengths of these LEDs are 660nm and 880nm, respectively.

The MAX30102 works by shining both lights onto the finger or earlobe (or essentially anywhere where the skin isn’t too thick, so both lights can easily penetrate the tissue) and measuring the amount of reflected light using a photodetector. This method of pulse detection through light is called Photoplethysmogram. The working of MAX30102 can be divided into two parts: Heart Rate Measurement and Pulse Oximetry (measuring the oxygen level of the blood).



Heart Rate Measurement
The oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the arterial blood has the characteristic of absorbing IR light. The redder the blood (the higher the hemoglobin), the more IR light is absorbed. As the blood is pumped through the finger with each heartbeat, the amount of reflected light changes, creating a changing waveform at the output of the photodetector. As you continue to shine light and take photodetector readings, you quickly start to get a heart-beat (HR) pulse reading.



Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximetry is based on the principle that the amount of RED and IR light absorbed varies depending on the amount of oxygen in your blood. The following graph is the absorption-spectrum of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb).

As you can see from the graph, deoxygenated blood absorbs more RED light (660nm), while oxygenated blood absorbs more IR light (880nm). By measuring the ratio of IR and RED light received by the photodetector, the oxygen level (SpO2) in the blood is calculated.



3. Design the product

I ordered the following clips. You can choose the one you would like to use:
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07S3W5PZ8/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1



https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01F840KXO/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o01_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1



I also ordered the following product as a reference for you:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07F7Z2HZM?psc=1&smid=A3OO8CII929H74&ref_=chk_typ_imgToDp



The goal in this section is to design the PCB for this system and 3D print the container for the board and the clip. The 3D printed container must consider artistic desgin to attract teenagers. For example an alligator head, a bird beak, a duck head, or a frog head.





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Tasks

Follow this tutorial and finish the following tasks

Task 1. Show the following results (week 1, 20 points), due 8 am Wednesday 2/8

Red and IR lights in the serial monitor



Red and IR reading in serial plotter



Measure heart rate (BPM)



Measure Measuring Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)



Task 2 (week 1, 20 points), due 8 am Wednesday 2/8

Follow this tutorial to display pulse rate and oxygen saturation on one OLED display
 


Task 3 (week 2, 30 points), due 8 am Monday 2/13

Use the MAX30102 and the SSD1306 OLED module for this task.

This tutorial uses a different sensor but you can borrow the code for the display part. The goal is to show BPM, SPO2 and the waveform plot on the OLED module at the same time.



Task 4 (week 2, 15 points), due 8 am Friday 2/17

Generate a BOM (bill of materials) spreadsheet to include all the parts that you need for the project and the cost. Plan for a workshop for high school students. The plan including:
1. How long is the workshop?
2. What are the final products students are going to build?
3. What are the cost of materials for each student?
4. How much would you charge for each student?
5. How much profit you can earn from this workshop if you have 20 students registered.
6. Design a flyer for this event to attract participants. The drawings and art on the flyer must be original work.
7. Design a webpage to include a Dummy Paypal option on it for customers to checkout. A tutorial on Paypal App. Use you CE351 page to do this.
You can also use GPay or other Apps as long as it works.

Design a PCB of the system and send the Gerber files to me by email.

Task 5 (15 points) due 8 am Monday 2/27

Complete Section 3 in this tutorial. Assemble the board to the container and demonstrate the functionality of the product. Upload the report to the website.

Small steps and deadlines: (All the following tasks must be included in your report).
1. Wednesday 2/22, finish your first drawing
2. Wednesday 2/22 by 12 pm, new PCB submitted
3. Friday, 2/24 by midnight, drawing of the container completed
4. Monday, 2/27 print the parts
5. Monday, 2/27 print it. The container design and printing must be completed by midnight 2/27 for credit.



Here is an example of a DIY product that is being sold all over the world.